JSS 2 FIRST TERM 2023 WEEK EIGHT LESSON NOTE

 

Jss 2

TOPIC: Computer Hardware and Software

OBJECTIVE:

At the end of this topic, you should be able to:

1. Define computer hardware and software 

Introduction

The computer system has three major components for it to function properly, they are:

A.    Hardware components

B.     Software components

 

Hardware Components

The hardware components consist of the parts of the computer system that can be physically seen with the naked eye. These include: the central processing unit, memory unit, input unit or devices, and output unit or devices.

a)     The central processing unit: this is the part of the computer system that processes all information input to the system. The processing unit has the following compartments: Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), control unit (CU), and registers.

b)     Memory unit: this unit stores information over a short time (temporarily) or over a long time (permanently). Such information stored can be retrieved or recalled by the user from the computer whenever such information is needed.

c)     Input unit or devices: these are devices through which information is accepted into the computer system. They are media through which the data or information is passed on to the processing unit for processing. Examples are: keyboard, joystick, mouse, light pen, disk drives (CD drive, diskette drive etc.)

d)     Output unit: output unit of a computer is the part of the computer system in which the result of the processor can be displayed. The output devices include: monitor, printer, plotter, voice output and microfilms.

 

Software components

Computer software is a step by step instructions used to instruct the computer on what to do. It is the collection of coded set of instructions (programs) that helps the hardware to function effectively. There are two types of software namely: system software and application software.

a)     System software: is a collection of computer programs written by computer manufacturers for the control and efficient performance of their product.it is a set of instructions in computer language that controls the computer. System software provides environment for running application software.

b)     Application software: are programs designed to perform specific tasks. They are used with system software. the roles of application software vary depending on the specific task to be performed.

 


 

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