SS 1 FIRST TERM 2023 WEEK FOUR LESSON NOTE

 

ss1

TOPIC: COMPUTER EVOLUTION III

OBJECTIVE

At the end of this topic you should be able to:

1. Write the features and components of the difference engine and the census machine by Hermann Hollerith.  

Introduction

In this lesson we shall take a look at the features, uses and contribution of other early

computing devices.

HERMANN HOLLERITH

An American inventor, Hermann Hollerith applied the jacquard loom concept to computing, in an attempt to find a solution to the long counting United States Census that took almost seven years before the result was computed. His machine was effective, and was therefore used for the 1890 election. It took only six weeks to get the final computation. In 1900 he completed his Automatic Tabulating Machine (ATM). Cards were inserted into the machine one by one. This machine would accept batches of cards, and automatically examine each card. After this device, Hollerith invented the first electric sorting machine; the one that could sort cards according to the information on them.

DIFFERENCE ENGINES

 

In 1823, Charles Babbage designed his first engine, called difference engine. The engine was powered by steam. Its’ size and store were as large as a locomotive. The engine also had stored program and could automatically perform calculations with results.

 

IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER

 

·        People used to count and calculate using knots in ropes, notches in sticks, scratches on rocks etc.

·        The Abacus is the first known calculating device

·        Napier’s bones was invented by a Scottish mathematician, John Napier

·        John Napier’s principle invention is Logarithm- a branch of mathematics.

·         The slide rule was invented in 1620 by English mathematician, William Oughtred.

·        A French mathematician, Blaise pascal, invented an Adding Machine called Pascaline in 1642.

·         Stepped reckoner was invented, in 1671, by German mathematician known as Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibnitz

·        Punch card was invented by French textile manufacturer, Joseph Jacquard, to automate his weaving loom.

·        Charles Babbage designed the difference engine in 1923 and analytical engine in 1933.

·        Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace suggested Babbage should use binary numbering system for his analytical engine. She devised a method of using punch cards to calculate, which made her the first programmer. She is known as the enchantress of numbers.

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