SS1 WEEK TWO LESSON NOTE_FIRST TERM 2023

 


 

Ss1

TOPIC: COMPUTER EVOLUTION       

 

OBJECTIVES

At the end of the topic you should be able to: 

  1.      List   computing devices in the pre-computing age
  2.    write the features and components of abacus, Napier’s bone and slide rule 

Introduction

From creation human population has been increasing. The spontaneous increase in our population brought about different activities that involves keeping track of events, performing simple arithmetic (like addition and subtraction), sharing items into different parts, trading that involves the use of different qualitative and quantitative measures and so on. For efficiency, productivity and accuracy, certain devices were created to help achieve all these tasks.

 

Computing devices in the Pre-Computing Age    

Technology has improved tremendously, but the invention of the computer system, there had been counting devices in the pre-computer age, which included but were not limited to the following:


I.            Abacus

II.            Slide rule

III.            Napier’s bone

IV.            Pascal’s calculator

V.            Leibnitz multiplier

VI.            Jacquard’s loom

VII.            Analytical engine

VIII.            Hollerith census machine

IX.            Borough’s machine


ABACUS

The first known calculating device is the ABACUS. Although the exact development date

The device is unknown; it is estimated that the Abacus might have been in use as early as 5000BC. The Abacus consists of beads strewn on iron rods (rectangular in shape) or wooden frames.

 

NAPIER’S BONE

Napier was born in 1550, in Scotland. Long after Stonehenge was built, around 1500BC and sometime during when the Abacus was gaining popularity in china and japan. Napier was a mathematician, physicist and astronomer. He devised some mechanical aids to computation. One of them consist of small rods with appropriate markings on them. These rods came to be called “Napier’s bone”. The mechanical device has set of nine bones with one for each digit 1 through 9. A rod is essentially one column of a multiplication.

 

SLIDE RULE

In 1620, an English mathematician, William Oughtred, invented the slide rule. The slide rule, also known colloquially as slip stick, is a mechanical analogue device. William Oughtred made the first slide rule by inscribing logarithm on wood or ivory. Before the invention of the pocket or hand held calculator, the slide rule was a popular tool for calculations. The use of the slide rule continued until about 1974.

 

    ASSIGNMENT

    What are the features, components, uses and contribution of Burroughs's Machine
    Note: To be submitted by week 4. A printed copy not less than two pages 

 

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